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1. Nursing Diagnosis : Fluid Volume Deficit related to osmotic diuresis.
Goal:
Demonstrate adequate hydration evidenced by stable vital signs, palpable peripheral pulse, skin turgor and capillary refill well, individually appropriate urinary output, and electrolyte levels within normal limits.
Nursing Intervention:
1.) Monitor vital signs.
Rational: hypovolemia can be manifested by hypotension and tachycardia.
2.) Assess peripheral pulses, capillary refill, skin turgor, and mucous membranes.
Rational: This is an indicator of the level of dehydration, or an adequate circulating volume.
3.) Monitor input and output, record the specific gravity of urine.
Rational: To provide estimates of the need for fluid replacement, renal function, and effectiveness of the therapy given.
4.) Measure weight every day.
Rational: To provide the best assessment of fluid status of ongoing and further to provide a replacement fluid.
5.) Provide fluid therapy as indicated.
Rational: The type and amount of liquid depends on the degree of lack of fluids and the response of individual patients.
2. Nursing Diagnosis : Imbalanced Nutrition Less than Body Requirments related to insufficiency of insulin, decreased oral input.
Goal:
Digest the amount of calories / nutrients right
Shows the energy level is usually
Stable or increasing weight.
Nursing Intervention:
1.) Determine the patient's diet and eating patterns and compared with food that can be spent by the patient.
Rationale: Identify deficiencies and deviations from the therapeutic needs.
2.) Weigh weight per day or as indicated.
Rational: Assessing an adequate food intake (including absorption and utilization).
3.) Identification of preferred food / desired include the needs of ethnic / cultural.
Rational: If the patient's food preferences can be included in meal planning, this cooperation can be pursued after discharge.
4.) Involve patients in planning the family meal as indicated.
Rationale: Increase the sense of involvement; provide information on the family to understand the patient's nutrition.
5.) Give regular insulin treatment as indicated.
Rational: regular insulin has a rapid onset and quickly and therefore can help move glucose into cells.
c. Nursing Diagnosis : Risk for Infection related to hyperglikemia.
Goal:
Identify interventions to prevent / reduce the risk of infection.
Demonstrate techniques, lifestyle changes to prevent infection.
Nursing Intervention:
1). Observed signs of infection and inflammation.
Rationale: Patients may be entered with an infection that usually has sparked a state of ketoacidosis or may have nosocomial infections.
2). Improve efforts to prevention by good hand washing for all people in contact with patients including the patients themselves.
Rationale: Prevents cross infection.
3). Maintain aseptic technique in invasive procedures.
Rational: high glucose levels in blood would be the best medium for the growth of germs.
4). Give your skin with regular care and earnest.
Rational: the peripheral circulation may be disturbed that puts patients at increased risk of damage to the skin / skin irritation and infection.
5). Make changes to the position, effective coughing and encourage deep breathing.
Rational: memventilasi Assist in all areas and mobilize pulmonary secretions.
